The SLR camera - history
The advantage of the Single Lens Reflex - SLR - camera is that it allows the user to see exactly how the image will appear at the moment the shutter is released. Light rays captured by the camera lens are bounced off a mirror behind the lens and up to a glass pentaprism, through which the rays are bent to enable them to pass through a viewing ocular. This allows the camera user to focus and compose the image before making an exposure.
SLR manufacturers have historically used high quality glass elements, mirrors and prisms in the reflex system to obtain the brightest possible viewing image. Minolta developed special screens to increase brightness levels in the 1970s. Olympus fitted a special mirror only based system for its 1963 Pen F half frame slr cameras. Today, plastic mirrors and prisms are used in some digital capture SLR to save weight.
The Exakta A of 1933, made by IHG - Industrie und Handels Gesellschaft - of Dresden, was the first single lens reflex for small format 127 roll film. By 1936, IHG had designed and manufactured the first Kine Exakta models using 35mm perforated film but the first 35mm SLR was the Russian made Sport of 1935. The Asahi Optical Company, or Asahi Kogaku (Tokyo,) founded in 1919, launched the first Japanese 35mm slr camera, the Asahiflex I, in 1951. It heralded the birth of a long line of Pentax models.
Over its near 80 year history the principle of the slr has seen many innovations. The first post WWII camera with an instant return mirror was the Hungarian Duflex of 1947 but the 1954 Asahiflex IIB was the first Japanese SLR camera. Zenza Bronica developed the first two part gliding mirror system for its medium format slrs in the early 1980s and a similar system was later used in Hasselblad cameras. Ironically, the company which developed the half-frame Pen cameras to a fine art have launched the Olympus E-P1 Micro four-thirds digital capture camera. Like the Panasonic G1 and GH1, it has no reflex mirror box or prism. Instead, these models use a TFT LCD viewing screen and electronic viewfinder, technology which may mark the beginning of the end for the single lens reflex.
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